Author Archives: fei li

About fei li

I have a deep passion for the Great Wall of China and have explored many of its sections, from the well-known to the hidden wild parts. Over the years, I’ve studied its history, architecture, and the legends that surround it. Through my writing, I hope to share this knowledge and help travelers see the Great Wall not just as a landmark, but as a symbol of China’s culture and strength.

When Was the Great Wall of China Built?

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When Was the Great Wall of China Built? Unraveling Its 2,000-Year History

A common question about the Great Wall of China—“When was it built?”—has no simple answer. Unlike a single monument constructed in one era, the Great Wall is a network of interconnected walls, forts, and watchtowers built, expanded, and repaired across 2,000 years by over 20 Chinese dynasties. Its story begins long before the rise of imperial China, rooted in ancient defense needs and evolving with each era’s political and military challenges.

Origins: Spring and Autumn & Warring States Periods (770–221 BCE)

The earliest sections of what would become the Great Wall date to the 7th century BCE, during the Spring and Autumn Period. Before this, ancient clans had already dug trenches and built simple earthen walls to protect their territories—archaeological sites across China confirm these early defensive structures. But as small states emerged and competed for power in the Spring and Autumn and subsequent Warring States Periods (475–221 BCE), defense became more critical.

States like Yan, Zhao, and Qin (in northern China) built longer, sturdier walls along their northern and western borders to fend off rival states and raids from nomadic tribes. These walls were mostly made of packed earth and local stones, stretching hundreds of kilometers but remaining isolated from one another. They were not “the Great Wall” as we know it today—instead, they were regional defenses, each serving a single state’s needs.

Unification: Qin Dynasty (221–206 BCE) – The First “Connected” Wall

The turning point came in 221 BCE, when Qin Shi Huang unified China, ending the Warring States Period and founding the Qin Dynasty. To secure his northern border against nomadic Xiongnu tribes, Qin Shi Huang ordered his engineers to connect the existing northern walls of Yan, Zhao, and the former Qin state. He also extended these walls westward to present-day Gansu Province and eastward to Liaodong (in modern-day Liaoning Province), creating a continuous defensive line stretching over 5,000 kilometers—the first true “Great Wall” of China.

This Qin-era wall was built with forced labor (legend says hundreds of thousands of workers contributed) and used materials like rammed earth, wood, and stones. While much of it has eroded over time, its layout established the basic framework for all future Great Wall expansions.

Expansion and Repair: Han to Yuan Dynasties (206 BCE–1368 CE)

After the Qin Dynasty fell, nearly every subsequent dynasty continued to build or repair sections of the Great Wall, adapting it to their own needs:

Han Dynasty (206 BCE–220 CE): Extended the wall westward into Central Asia to protect the Silk Road, adding beacon towers to improve communication.
Northern Dynasties (386–589 CE): Focused on repairing northern sections to defend against steppe tribes, using more stone in construction for durability.
Tang Dynasty (618–907 CE): Built fewer new walls, as its powerful military kept nomadic threats at bay, but maintained existing sections.
Yuan Dynasty (1271–1368 CE): Ruled by Mongols (who originated from the northern steppes), the Yuan had little need for northern defenses, so the Great Wall was largely neglected during this period.

The “Modern” Great Wall: Ming Dynasty (1368–1644 CE)

The Great Wall we see today is mostly the product of the Ming Dynasty—the last and most extensive phase of its construction. After the Ming overthrew the Mongol-led Yuan Dynasty, they faced renewed threats from northern nomads (like the Mongols and later the Jurchens). To counter these, the Ming launched a massive rebuilding project spanning over 200 years.

Ming engineers used advanced techniques: they built walls with brick and stone (replacing rammed earth in key sections), added more watchtowers, and created complex defensive systems (like moats and barbicans). The Ming Great Wall stretched over 8,850 kilometers (the length recognized by UNESCO today), from Jiayuguan Pass in the west to Shanhaiguan Pass in the east. It was also the most sophisticated—with features like crenels for archers, drainage systems to prevent erosion, and storage rooms for weapons and food.

A Legacy Spanning Millennia

In short, the Great Wall was not “built” in one year or by one dynasty. Its construction began in the 7th century BCE, was unified by Qin Shi Huang, expanded by dynasties like the Han, and perfected by the Ming—spanning over 2,000 years. In 1987, this ancient network was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site, recognized as a testament to China’s engineering ingenuity and the collective effort of countless people across centuries.

Today, when visitors walk the Great Wall’s brick paths, they are treading on layers of history—each stone and brick telling a story of defense, unification, and survival across China’s long imperial era.

Who of the World Leaders have visited the Great Wall of China?

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World Leaders on the Great Wall: A Symbol of China’s Global Ties

The Great Wall of China, once a military barrier, has evolved into the country’s most iconic diplomatic stage. Since 1954, Beijing’s Badaling section alone has hosted over 540 foreign heads of state and government leaders , who came not just to admire its grandeur but to forge connections between nations. Their footsteps and remarks have turned this ancient structure into a living witness of international friendship.

Among the most memorable visitors is Russian President Vladimir Putin. During his 2002 trip to Beijing, he fulfilled a long – held wish by climbing Badaling Great Wall. Touching the weathered bricks, he repeatedly exclaimed, “Great! Very beautiful!” . When presented with a certificate inscribed with Mao Zedong’s famous line “He who has never been to the Great Wall is not a true man,” Putin laughed heartily and wrote in the guestbook: “I am amazed by the Chinese nation’s diligence, beautiful scenery, and great history.” His reluctant glance back at the Wall before departing mirrored the deepening 中俄 bond.

US President Bill Clinton also left a profound mark during his 1998 visit. Standing atop Mutianyu Great Wall’s steep 16th watchtower, he marveled, “It’s far more spectacular than I imagined” . More importantly, he used the Wall as a metaphor for US – China relations, stating, “It symbolizes a unified Chinese nation, not a barrier keeping people out.” He emphasized that like the Wall’s builders creating a lasting monument, contemporary leaders should nurture friendship for future generations—a speech that became a highlight of Sino – US diplomatic history.

World Leaders on the Great Wall: A Symbol of China’s Global Ties

European leaders have similarly been captivated. Germany’s first post – war chancellor to visit China, Helmut Schmidt, climbed Badaling in 1975. In his book China as a Neighbor, he described the Wall as “surpassing all expectations, winding through mountains and valleys into the mist” . Sweden’s King Carl XVI Gustaf has even visited twice: first in 1981 to celebrate bilateral ties, and again in 2008 during the Beijing Olympics, linking the Wall to global sports unity . British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher summed up its impact as “the most astonishing ancient structure I have ever seen” .

Leaders from developing nations often see the Wall as a symbol of resilience. Nelson Mandela, at 74, expressed long – held admiration for China during his visit . Pakistani Prime Minister Anwaar – ul – Haq Kakar praised its creators as “true heroes” , while Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez spoke of “feeling the sacred power of a millennium” . These remarks reflect how the Wall resonates across cultural and economic divides.

From Putin’s awe to Clinton’s diplomatic metaphor, the Great Wall transcends its historical role. It is where leaders confront China’s past, celebrate its present, and imagine shared futures. For over seven decades, it has stood as a silent diplomat—proof that great civilizations inspire connection, not division.

Where Is the Start Point of the Great Wall? Unveiling Jiayuguan Pass

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Standing atop any section of the Great Wall of China, one can’t help but feel tiny beside its endless stretch of stone and brick. This sense of boundlessness often sparks a common question: Where does the Great Wall begin? The answer lies in the far west of China, at Jiayuguan Pass in Gansu Province—known as the official western starting point of this world-famous structure.

Where Is the Start Point of the Great Wall

Jiayuguan Pass: Location and Meaning

Literally translating to “Excellent Valley Pass,” Jiayuguan Pass sits at the narrowest point of the western Hexi Corridor, just 6 kilometers southwest of Jiayuguan City in Gansu Province. This strategic location made it a critical gateway in ancient times: it not only marked the start of the Great Wall’s western defense line but also served as a key stop on the ancient Silk Road, connecting China to Central Asia and beyond. For centuries, it stood as a boundary between the agricultural heartland of China and the vast grasslands of the north and west.

The Legend of the “Extra Brick”

The construction of Jiayuguan Pass began in 1372 during the Ming Dynasty, but it took 168 years to fully complete—a testament to its complex design and grand scale. Like many ancient landmarks, it is wrapped in local legends, the most famous being the story of the “extra brick.”

As the tale goes, when planning the pass’s construction, the officer in charge asked the chief designer to calculate exactly how many bricks would be needed. Fearing the number might be insufficient (a mistake that could lead to severe punishment), the designer added one extra brick to his final count. When the project was finished, to everyone’s surprise, there was indeed one brick left unused. This brick was then placed loosely on top of one of the pass’s gates—a symbol of the designer’s precision and foresight. Today, visitors can still see this legendary brick, a small but beloved detail that adds charm to the historic site.

A Masterpiece of Ancient Military Architecture

Jiayuguan Pass lives up to its reputation as the “First and Greatest Pass Under Heaven.” Its defensive system is a marvel of Ming Dynasty engineering:

Scale: The pass features a trapezoidal city wall standing 11 meters high, with a total circumference of 733 meters, covering an area of over 33,500 square meters—equivalent to nearly five football fields.
Defensive Layers: It has three lines of defense: an inner city (the core fortress), an outer city (a buffer zone), and a moat (a deep ditch surrounding the outer walls). This multi-layered design made it nearly impenetrable to enemy attacks.
Historical Role: Beyond its military function, Jiayuguan Pass played a unique role in ancient Chinese society. It was a major stop for Silk Road merchants, and also served as the starting point for exiles—prisoners and former officials banished to the remote western regions.

The First Beacon Tower: The True “Start”

While the main pass is the most famous part, the exact starting point of the Great Wall at Jiayuguan is a small earthen mound—the remains of the first beacon tower, built in 1539. Originally, this tower stood 14 meters tall (as tall as a four-story building) and was square in shape. Over centuries of erosion and weathering, it has shrunk to a low mound, but its significance remains: it was the first in a network of 39 beacon towers around and inside Jiayuguan Pass.

These towers were critical for military communication. When enemy troops approached, soldiers stationed in the towers would send signals using fire (at night) or smoke (during the day), along with flag-waving. This system allowed warnings to travel hundreds of kilometers in just hours—an ancient “early warning system” that helped protect the border.

Jiayuguan Today: A Thriving Tourist Spot

Today, the Jiayuguan City government works tirelessly to preserve and promote this historic site. Recent efforts include launching a TV competition to showcase the pass’s beauty and history, drawing attention from media outlets across China. As a result, more and more visitors now travel to Jiayuguan to stand at the “start” of the Great Wall, walk its ancient walls, and learn about its rich past.

For anyone curious about where the Great Wall begins, Jiayuguan Pass offers more than just an answer—it provides a chance to step back in time, explore a masterpiece of military engineering, and feel the weight of history in every brick and tower. It is not just a starting point, but a symbol of China’s ancient strength, ingenuity, and connection to the wider world.

Hiking Route: Wohushan Great Wall

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Traversing the “Crouching Tiger” of Gubeikou

Nestled in the western part of the Gubeikou Great Wall System, Wohushan Great Wall (literally “Crouching Tiger Mountain Great Wall”) is a raw, unrenovated section that lives up to its name. Perched at an average altitude of 665 meters, its steep, winding path mimics the shape of two crouching tigers—an apt description for terrain that blends rugged challenge with awe-inspiring views. For hikers seeking an authentic “wild Great Wall” experience, this route offers a glimpse into the structure’s unpolished, centuries-old charm.

Route Overview: Terrain & Key Details

Wohushan Great Wall stands directly opposite Panlongshan Great Wall, with the Beijing-Chengde Expressway dividing the two peaks. Unlike restored sections like Badaling, Wohushan has remained largely untouched for hundreds of years—most of its brickwork is deteriorated, with fragments scattered across uneven ground, and some stretches are too damaged to walk on. This is not a trail for beginners: only experienced hikers, ideally with a local guide, should attempt it, as navigating the broken paths and steep slopes requires caution.

The hiking route covers approximately 3 kilometers (1.8 miles) and takes 3–4 hours to complete, with the final ascent leading to Wohushan’s highest point at 705 meters. Along the way, you’ll pass 5 weathered watchtowers—each a relic of the wall’s defensive past, with crumbling interiors and overgrown ramparts that speak to centuries of wind and rain.

Hiking Experience: From Start to Summit

Your journey typically begins near the base of Wohushan, where a narrow dirt trail leads up to the first section of the wall. The initial climb is gentle, but soon the terrain steepens: you’ll step over loose bricks, grip gnarled tree roots for balance, and navigate slopes that often feel like climbing a natural staircase. This is not a route for casual strolling—every step demands focus, especially on sections where the wall’s original brick surface has eroded into bare earth.

After reaching the first watchtower, the path becomes more dynamic. Each subsequent tower (5 in total) serves as a small checkpoint and a chance to catch your breath. Inside these towers, you’ll find traces of the past: faint carvings on stone walls, and views that expand with every upward step. By the time you reach the 5th tower, the worst of the climbing is behind you—but the best reward lies ahead.

The final push to Wohushan’s 705-meter summit is worth the effort. From the top, a panoramic view unfolds: to the north, the mountains beyond the Great Wall stretch endlessly, their ridges blending into the horizon; to the south, inside the wall, Gubeikou Basin sits nestled among hills, with a small stream winding through its valley toward the distance. On clear days, you can even spot the outline of Panlongshan Great Wall across the expressway—creating a vivid picture of how these two peaks once worked together as a defensive barrier.

Practical Tips for Hikers

Guide is a Must: Given the trail’s roughness and lack of signage, hire an experienced local guide (¥200–300 per group) to avoid getting lost. Guides also share stories about Wohushan’s history and point out safe paths through damaged sections.
Gear Essentials: Wear sturdy hiking boots with strong grip (sneakers will slip on loose bricks), lightweight but durable clothing, and bring 2 liters of water (no water sources exist on the trail). Pack high-energy snacks like nuts or energy bars, and a small first-aid kit for minor scrapes.
Best Time to Visit: Hike in spring (April–May) when wildflowers dot the slopes, or autumn (September–October) for cool weather and golden foliage. Avoid summer heat and winter ice—both make the trail dangerously slippery.
Transport: From Beijing, take a high-speed train to Gubeikou Station (1.5 hours, ¥40), then a taxi to Wohushan’s trailhead (20 minutes, ¥30).

Wohushan Great Wall is not for those seeking comfort—but for hikers who crave authenticity, it’s a treasure. Every broken brick and steep climb tells a story of the wall’s resilience, and the summit views offer a perspective you won’t find at any restored section. This is the Great Wall as it has stood for centuries: wild, unyielding, and utterly magnificent.

Hiking Route: Jiaoshan Great Wall

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Jiaoshan Great Wall – The “First Mountain of the Great Wall”

Jiaoshan Great Wall, located in Shanhaiguan District, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, holds the title of “the first mountain the Great Wall climbs”—a short but thrilling route that blends steep terrain, ancient history, and sweeping coastal-mountain views. Unlike Dongjiakou’s wildness, Jiaoshan is partially restored yet retains its rugged charm, making it ideal for hikers seeking a moderate challenge with easy access. This 3-kilometer (1.8-mile) route takes 2–3 hours to complete, perfect for a half-day adventure.

Route Highlights & Key Stops

The hike starts at Jiaoshan Great Wall Scenic Area Entrance, where you’ll pass a stone archway inscribed with “First Mountain of the Great Wall.” The route is a loop (convenient for return trips) with three core sections:

Lower Section (Easy, 1 km): A gentle uphill walk through pine forests, passing the ancient Qixian Temple (a Ming Dynasty monastery ruin with stone Buddha statues). This is a warm-up for the steeper parts ahead.
Middle Section (Moderate-Hard, 1.2 km): The most exciting part—here, the wall climbs at 50–60-degree angles, with narrow brick steps and “hanging” sections (locally called “Daogua Great Wall”). Hold onto the iron handrails for safety; the reward is Wanghai Tower (Sea-View Tower), where you can see the Bohai Sea glinting to the east and Shanhaiguan City below.
Upper Section (Moderate, 0.8 km): A gradual descent past small watchtowers, ending at the Great Wall Museum Branch (free entry), where you can learn about Jiaoshan’s role in defending Shanhaiguan.

Hiking Prep & Tips

Gear: Wear non-slip hiking shoes (critical for steep steps), lightweight layers (spring/autumn winds are strong), and carry 1–1.5L water (water stations are scarce). A small backpack for snacks (dried fruits, energy bars) is useful.
Best Time: March–May (cherry blossoms bloom) or September–November (cool weather, red leaves). Avoid mid-summer heat (July–August) and winter ice (December–February).
Ticket & Transport: Ticket ¥40 (peak season); take Bus 33 from Shanhaiguan Railway Station to “Jiaoshan Great Wall” stop (20 mins, ¥2). Driving is easy too—free parking is available.

Jiaoshan Great Wall may be short, but it packs a punch. Every step mixes the thrill of steep climbs with the calm of ancient stone walls, making it a must-try for hikers wanting a taste of the Great Wall’s grandeur without a full-day commitment.

Hiking Route: Dongjiakou Great Wall

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Dongjiakou Great Wall – An Untouched Gem of Hebei

Tucked away in Funing District, Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province, the Dongjiakou Great Wall stands out among China’s many Great Wall sections for its raw, unspoiled beauty. Unlike the well-restored Badaling or Mutianyu, Dongjiakou retains much of its original Ming Dynasty (1368–1644) charm—with weathered brick walls, overgrown watchtowers, and panoramic views of rolling mountains. For hikers seeking an authentic, less crowded Great Wall experience, this 8-kilometer (5-mile) route is a hidden treasure. Below is a complete guide to planning your hike, from route details to practical preparation.

Why Hike Dongjiakou Great Wall?

Dongjiakou’s appeal lies in its “wild” character. Built in 1573 during the Wanli era of the Ming Dynasty, it was once a key defense post against Mongol raids, featuring 24 watchtowers, 3 water passes, and a unique “star-shaped” fortress design. Today, most of the wall remains unrenovated: some sections are steep and covered in grass, while others have crumbling bricks that tell stories of centuries of wind and rain. Unlike crowded tourist spots, you might only meet a handful of fellow hikers here—making it perfect for those who want to connect with history in peace.

Another highlight is the scenery: the wall winds through dense pine forests and past rocky outcrops, with views of the Bohai Sea glistening in the distance on clear days. In spring (April–May), wildflowers bloom along the wall; in autumn (September–October), the mountains turn golden and red—both ideal times to hike.

Hiking Route Details: Distance, Difficulty, and Key Stops

The classic Dongjiakou hike is a point-to-point route (not a loop) that takes 4–5 hours to complete, covering approximately 8 kilometers. It’s rated moderate—suitable for hikers with basic fitness, but with some steep sections that require careful footing. Here’s a breakdown of the route:

1. Starting Point: Dongjiakou Village

Begin at Dongjiakou Village, a quiet rural village at the foot of the Great Wall. Before starting, grab a quick breakfast at one of the village’s small restaurants (try “millet porridge” and “fried dough sticks” for ¥10) or stock up on water and snacks (local apples are cheap and juicy in autumn). The village also has a small museum (free entry) with old photos of the Great Wall and Ming Dynasty military relics—worth a 10-minute visit to learn about the wall’s history.

From the village, a 15-minute uphill walk on a dirt path leads to the first section of the wall.

2. Section 1: Lower Wall (Easy, 2 km)

The first 2 kilometers are relatively gentle, with wide brick steps and low slopes. This is a great warm-up: you’ll pass 3 small watchtowers, their interiors still intact (some have stone benches where you can rest). Look for carvings on the bricks—some bear the names of Ming Dynasty brick-makers, a rare detail that adds to the wall’s authenticity.

3. Section 2: Middle Wall (Moderate, 3 km)

The next 3 kilometers get steeper, with sections where the wall climbs at a 45-degree angle. Here, the wall becomes more “wild”: some steps are broken, and you’ll need to hold onto grass or low branches for balance. The highlight of this section is Watchtower No. 12 (locally called “Black Tiger Tower”), the tallest watchtower in Dongjiakou. Climb to its top (4 floors) for sweeping views of the mountains and the village below. On clear days, you can even see the outline of Qinhuangdao’s coastal areas in the distance.

4. Section 3: Upper Wall to End Point (Moderate, 3 km)

The final 3 kilometers gradually descend, passing 2 more watchtowers and a small water pass (a stone structure that once controlled water flow into the valley). The end point is Xinglong Mountain Pass, where the wall meets a forest trail. From here, a 20-minute downhill walk leads to a parking lot, where you can arrange a taxi back to Dongjiakou Village (¥50) or Qinhuangdao City (¥150).

What to Bring: Hiking Gear & Supplies

Dongjiakou’s unrenovated terrain means proper gear is essential. Here’s what to pack:

Shoes: Sturdy hiking boots with good grip (avoid sneakers—wet grass or broken bricks can be slippery).
Clothing: Lightweight, moisture-wicking layers. In spring/autumn, add a windbreaker (mountain winds can be strong). Avoid cotton—if it gets wet, it stays wet.
Supplies: 2–3 liters of water (no water sources on the wall), high-energy snacks (nuts, chocolate, energy bars), and a small first-aid kit (band-aids, antiseptic wipes, pain relievers).
Other Items: A hat, sunscreen (SPF 30+), a portable phone charger (signal is spotty but works near watchtowers), and a small backpack (to carry your gear).

Dongjiakou Great Wall – An Untouched Gem of Hebei

Practical Tips for a Safe Hike

Best Time to Hike: April–May (wildflowers, mild weather) or September–October (autumn foliage, cool temperatures). Avoid summer (July–August) heat and winter (December–February) ice.
Guide or No Guide?: The route is mostly well-marked with red paint dots, but if you’re new to wild Great Wall hiking, hire a local guide (¥200 for a group of 4–6) from Dongjiakou Village—they know hidden shortcuts and can share stories about the wall’s history.
Leave No Trace: Dongjiakou has no trash bins, so bring a trash bag and take all your waste with you. Do not pick wildflowers or damage the wall (climbing on fragile sections is forbidden).
Transport: From Qinhuangdao City, take Bus 25 to Funing District (1 hour, ¥10), then a taxi to Dongjiakou Village (30 minutes, ¥30). If driving, use navigation to “Dongjiakou Great Wall Scenic Area” (free parking in the village).

Final Thoughts

Hiking Dongjiakou Great Wall is not just a physical activity—it’s a journey through history. Every weathered brick and overgrown watchtower tells a story of Ming Dynasty soldiers, and the quiet beauty of the mountains makes it easy to imagine what life was like here centuries ago. For hikers tired of crowded tourist spots, Dongjiakou offers a rare chance to experience the Great Wall as it has stood for hundreds of years: raw, majestic, and unspoiled. Whether you’re a seasoned hiker or a history lover, this route is sure to leave you with unforgettable memories.

Visiting the Great Wall of China in September

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September is a hidden gem for exploring the Great Wall of China. Falling between the hot summer and crowded October National Day holiday, it offers mild weather, fewer tourists, and a lovely transition from summer greenery to early autumn hues. For travelers seeking a balanced mix of comfort and scenic beauty, September is hard to beat.

Visiting the Great Wall of China in September

Weather: Mild and Pleasant

September brings a welcome cool-down after China’s sweltering summer. Along most Great Wall sections (like Badaling, Mutianyu, and Jinshanling), average temperatures range from 12°C to 25°C (54°F to 77°F). Days are warm enough for outdoor activities without the oppressive heat of July and August, while nights stay cool but not chilly—no need for heavy coats yet.

Rainfall is low in September, with only 2–3 rainy days on average in the Beijing – surrounding areas. The National Climate Center notes that September sees stable weather, with clear or partly cloudy skies most days. This means excellent visibility for taking photos of the Great Wall snaking through the mountains, and little risk of rain ruining your trip. Just keep an eye on occasional afternoon breezes, especially on higher sections like Jinshanling, which can add a slight chill.

When Is the Best Time to Visit the Great Wall of China?

Scenery: Greenery with Early Autumn Touches

Unlike October’s fiery red and gold, September’s Great Wall is still cloaked in lush green—but with subtle hints of autumn. The dense forests around Mutianyu and Simatai retain their summer vibrancy, creating a fresh, lively backdrop for the gray brick walls. By late September, a few maple and oak trees near the watchtowers start to turn pale yellow or light red, adding delicate splashes of color to the landscape.

Another big plus is the smaller crowd. August’s summer tourists (many with families on school breaks) have left, and October’s holiday crowds haven’t arrived yet. This means shorter lines at ticket offices, more space to walk on the wall, and quieter moments to appreciate the history and grandeur of the structure. At popular spots like Badaling, you won’t have to jostle for photos, and at quieter sections like Gubeikou, you might even find stretches of the wall to yourself.

What to Wear and Travel Tips

Dressing in layers works best for September’s weather. During the day, a short – sleeved shirt or light long – sleeved top is enough. For early mornings or breezy afternoons, throw on a thin cardigan or windbreaker. Comfortable, non – slip walking shoes are a must—parts of the Great Wall have steep, uneven steps, and you’ll likely walk 3–5 kilometers.

Don’t forget sunscreen (SPF 30+) and a hat. Even though it’s not as hot, the September sun is still strong, especially at higher altitudes. A reusable water bottle is also essential—stay hydrated while exploring, and you can refill it at water stations in most developed sections.

If you want to avoid crowds entirely, visit on weekdays. Weekends still draw some local day – trippers, but weekdays are much quieter. For a unique experience, try a late – afternoon visit—watch the sun set over the Great Wall, painting the sky pink and orange, and the wall’s bricks glow warm gold.

In short, September is a fantastic time to visit the Great Wall. With mild weather, beautiful scenery, and fewer tourists, it lets you experience this world wonder in a relaxed, enjoyable way. Whether you’re hiking, taking photos, or just soaking in the history, September offers the perfect conditions for a memorable trip.

Exploring the Great Wall of China in October

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October is an ideal month to visit the Great Wall of China, offering a unique blend of pleasant weather, stunning scenery, and cultural experiences. As autumn sets in, the ancient structure takes on a new charm, making it a must – visit destination for travelers.

Exploring the Great Wall of China in October

Weather Conditions

In October, the weather along the Great Wall is generally cool and comfortable, with the autumn chill setting in. The average temperature ranges from around 8°C to 19°C (46°F – 66°F), making it perfect for outdoor exploration. However, it’s important to note that there can be significant temperature differences between day and night, especially in the mountainous regions where the Great Wall is located. The nights can get quite cold, so it’s advisable to bring warm clothing.

Moreover, the National Climate Center of China reported that during the National Day holiday (October 1 – 7) in most years, aside from the eastern part of the Qinghai – Tibet Plateau and western Yunnan which experience more cloudy and rainy weather, the majority of China, including areas near the Great Wall, enjoys clear skies. This provides excellent visibility for enjoying the panoramic views of the Great Wall winding through the mountains. But be aware that cold air masses are active during this time, causing the average temperature to be 1 – 3°C lower than the same period in normal years.

When Is the Best Time to Visit the Great Wall of China?

Breathtaking Scenery

October transforms the Great Wall and its surrounding areas into a wonderland of colors. The leaves of the trees along the wall, such as maple, oak, and gingko, turn vibrant shades of red, orange, and yellow, creating a breathtaking contrast against the ancient gray bricks of the Great Wall.

At Badaling Great Wall, one of the most popular sections, there are over 3000 mu (about 200 hectares) of red – leaf forests with more than 200,000 colorful trees. From mid – October to the end of the month, the leaves gradually turn red, reaching up to over 90% of the forest, marking the peak viewing period. Standing on the watchtowers and looking out, you can see the magnificent Great Wall stretching into the distance, flanked by a sea of fiery red and golden leaves, creating a picture – perfect scene.

Mutianyu Great Wall also showcases a spectacular autumn display. From mid – October to mid – November, the mountains around Mutianyu are covered in a riot of colors. The entire forest is painted with reds that burn like fire, yellows that shine brightly, and greens that add a touch of depth. The best spots for enjoying the red – leaf scenery include the Dajiaolou, the 5th watchtower, the 12th watchtower, the area between the 14th and 15th watchtowers, and the 20th watchtower. Each location offers a unique perspective of the colorful mountains and the majestic Great Wall.

Appropriate Attire

Given the cool and variable weather in October, proper clothing is essential for a comfortable visit. During the day, when the sun is out, you can wear long – sleeved shirts, light sweaters, or thin jackets. A pair of comfortable walking shoes is a must, as you’ll be doing a fair amount of walking and climbing on the uneven surfaces of the Great Wall.

However, as the temperature drops significantly at night, it’s crucial to pack warm layers. A thick coat, preferably one that is wind – resistant, is highly recommended. Don’t forget to bring a hat, scarf, and gloves to keep your extremities warm. In some higher – altitude sections or on windy days, the cold can be quite biting. Thermal underwear can also be a great addition if you’re sensitive to the cold. Additionally, it’s a good idea to carry a light raincoat, as occasional drizzles can occur, even in the relatively dry autumn weather.

In conclusion, October offers a magical experience for those visiting the Great Wall of China. With its comfortable weather, awe – inspiring autumnal scenery, and the opportunity to explore one of the world’s greatest historical landmarks, it’s a month that shouldn’t be missed. So, pack your bags, dress appropriately, and get ready to be captivated by the beauty and grandeur of the Great Wall in all its autumnal glory.

Common Chinese Names for Key Terms Related to the Great Wall

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When visiting the Great Wall of China, knowing common Chinese names for key spots, structures, and facilities can make your trip smoother—whether you’re asking for directions, reading signs, or chatting with locals. Below are the most frequently used Chinese terms related to the Great Wall, along with their pronunciations, meanings, and practical uses.

1. Great Wall Sections (Popular Ones)

These are the Chinese names of the most visited Great Wall sections, which you’ll often see on train tickets, maps, and tour guides.

八达岭长城 (Bādálǐng Chángchéng) – Badaling Great Wall

The most famous and accessible section, near Beijing. “八达岭” (Bādálǐng) is the name of the local area. You’ll hear this term often when booking buses or taxis (e.g., “请带我去八达岭长城” – “Qǐng dài wǒ qù Bādálǐng Chángchéng” – “Please take me to Badaling Great Wall”).

慕田峪长城 (Mùtiányù Chángchéng) – Mutianyu Great Wall

A less crowded section with lush scenery. “慕田峪” (Mùtiányù) refers to the valley where it’s located. It’s known for its toboggan ride, so locals might say “慕田峪有滑道” (Mùtiányù yǒu huádào) – “Mutianyu has a toboggan slide.”

司马台长城 (Sīmǎtái Chángchéng) – Simatai Great Wall

A wilder, more preserved section, often linked to the Gubei Water Town. “司马台” (Sīmǎtái) is an ancient fortress name.

山海关长城 (Shānhǎiguān Chángchéng) – Shanhaiguan Great Wall

Called the “First Pass Under Heaven” (“天下第一关” – Tiānxià Dìyī Guān), it’s where the Great Wall meets the Bohai Sea. “山海关” (Shānhǎiguān) means “Mountain-Sea Pass.”

2. Core Structures of the Great Wall

These terms describe the key parts of the Great Wall’s architecture, which you’ll notice as you walk along it.

城墙 (Chéngqiáng) – City Wall

The main body of the Great Wall. It’s the thick, high brick or stone structure you walk on. For example, “这段城墙很陡” (Zhè duàn chéngqiáng hěn dǒu) – “This section of the city wall is very steep.”

烽火台 (Fēnghuǒtái) – Beacon Tower

The tall, square towers along the wall used in ancient times to send signals via fire or smoke. You’ll see signs like “前方有烽火台” (Qiánfāng yǒu fēnghuǒtái) – “There is a beacon tower ahead.”

垛口 (Duǒkǒu) – Crenel

The notched gaps on the top of the wall. Soldiers used these to shoot arrows or watch for enemies. Locals might point and say “从垛口看风景更好” (Cóng duǒkǒu kàn fēngjǐng gèng hǎo) – “The view is better from the crenels.”

关隘 (Guān’ài) – Pass

The gaps or gates in the Great Wall that controlled access. Shanhaiguan and Jiayuguan are famous “关隘” (guān’ài).

敌楼 (Dílóu) – Watchtower

Smaller towers on the wall for soldiers to rest, store weapons, or keep watch. Unlike beacon towers, they’re closer to the wall’s surface.

3. Visitor Facilities & Services

These terms are useful for finding amenities during your visit.

售票处 (Shòupiàochù) – Ticket Office

Where you buy entry tickets. Look for signs with “售票处” or ask “售票处在哪里？” (Shòupiàochù zài nǎlǐ?) – “Where is the ticket office?”

缆车 (Lǎnchē) – Cable Car

A popular way to climb steep sections (like Badaling or Mutianyu). “缆车入口” (Lǎnchē rùkǒu) means “Cable Car Entrance.”

滑道 (Huádào) – Toboggan Slide

A fun downhill ride at Mutianyu. You might see “滑道出口” (Huádào chūkǒu) – “Toboggan Slide Exit.”

卫生间 (Wèishēngjiān) – Restroom

The standard term for public toilets. Signs often use the abbreviation “WC” too, but “卫生间” is more common locally.

游客中心 (Yóukè Zhōngxīn) – Visitor Center

Where you can get maps, ask for help, or store luggage. “游客中心提供免费饮水” (Yóukè Zhōngxīn tígōng miǎnfèi yǐnshuǐ) – “The visitor center provides free drinking water.”

4. Practical Phrases with These Terms

To put these names into use, here are simple phrases you might need:

“八达岭长城的门票多少钱？” (Bādálǐng Chángchéng de ménpiào duōshao qián?) – “How much is a ticket for Badaling Great Wall?”
“烽火台在哪里可以上去？” (Fēnghuǒtái zài nǎlǐ kěyǐ shàngqù?) – “Where can I climb up to the beacon tower?”
“从缆车下来后怎么到敌楼？” (Cóng lǎnchē xiàlái hòu zěnme dào dílóu?) – “How do I get to the watchtower after getting off the cable car?”

Knowing these Chinese names helps you connect more deeply with the Great Wall—whether you’re following signs, talking to staff, or simply understanding the history of the structures around you. Keep a small note of these terms, and you’ll navigate the Great Wall with more confidence!

Shanghai to Great Wall of China: A Practical One-Day Trip Guide

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A day trip from Shanghai to the Great Wall sounds ambitious, but with careful planning—thanks to China’s high-speed rail—it’s absolutely doable. The Great Wall’s most accessible sections (like Badaling and Mutianyu) are near Beijing, so your journey will combine a fast train ride to Beijing with a short transfer to the wall. Here’s how to make the most of this whirlwind but unforgettable day.

Shanghai to Great Wall of China: A Practical One-Day Trip Guide

Step 1: Choose the Right Great Wall Section

Not all Great Wall sections work for a Shanghai day trip—you need one close to Beijing (to cut down on transit time). Two top choices:

Badaling: The most famous and easiest to reach, with well-paved paths, cable cars, and visitor facilities. Ideal for first-timers or those who prefer convenience.
Mutianyu: Less crowded than Badaling, with lush greenery (beautiful in spring/autumn) and a longer stretch of well-preserved wall. It also has a cable car and a toboggan ride down—fun for families or adventure lovers.

Both are 1.5–2 hours from central Beijing, making them perfect for a day trip.

Step 2: Book Transportation (The Most Critical Part)

Your day will revolve around high-speed rail—China’s Fuxing trains make Shanghai to Beijing fast and comfortable.

Morning: Shanghai to Beijing

Train Choice: Take the earliest high-speed train from Shanghai Hongqiao Station to Beijing South Station. The fastest trains (G-series) take just 4.5–5 hours. For example:
G102: Departs Shanghai Hongqiao at 07:00, arrives Beijing South at 11:36.
G104: Departs 07:26, arrives 12:00.
Tips: Book tickets 15–30 days in advance via the China Railway app (12306) or platforms like Ctrip. Choose a “second-class seat” (¥553) for comfort and value—first-class is pricier but not necessary for a short ride. Pack a light breakfast (like pastries or fruit) to eat on the train, as onboard meals are expensive.

Beijing to Great Wall

From Beijing South Station, you need to get to the wall quickly:

Subway + Tourist Bus: Take Subway Line 4 from Beijing South to Xizhimen Station (30 minutes, ¥5). Then walk to Xizhimen Bus Station and take Bus 877 to Badaling (1.5 hours, ¥12) or Bus 916 to Mutianyu (2 hours, ¥15). Buses run every 15–20 minutes and are cheap, but they can get crowded.
Taxi/Car Service: For speed and comfort, book a private car or taxi from Beijing South Station to the wall (1.5 hours, ¥300–400 one-way). Apps like Didi work in Beijing, but have your destination written in Chinese (e.g., “八达岭长城” for Badaling) to show the driver.

Evening: Beijing to Shanghai

Return Train: Book a late train from Beijing South to Shanghai Hongqiao to maximize your time on the wall. Good options:
G159: Departs Beijing South at 18:30, arrives Shanghai Hongqiao at 23:18.
G161: Departs 19:00, arrives 23:48.
Tip: If you’re tired, book a first-class seat for the return trip—you can relax and even nap after a day of walking.

Step 3: Day Trip Itinerary (Example for Badaling)

Let’s use the G102 train (07:00 Shanghai → 11:36 Beijing) and G159 return (18:30 Beijing → 23:18 Shanghai) to map your day:

11:36–12:30: Arrive at Beijing South Station. Grab a quick lunch at the station (try KFC or a local noodle shop—fast and cheap) before heading to the wall.
12:30–14:00: Take Subway Line 4 + Bus 877 to Badaling (1.5 hours total). Buy your wall ticket (¥40 peak season, ¥35 off-season) and cable car ticket (¥100 one-way, ¥180 round-trip—worth it to save energy).
14:00–17:00: Explore Badaling! Walk along the wall for 2–3 hours—climb to the No. 8 Watchtower for panoramic views of the winding wall and mountains. Take photos, but don’t rush—savor the moment (this is the Great Wall, after all!).
17:00–18:00: Take Bus 877 + Subway Line 4 back to Beijing South Station (1 hour).
18:00–18:30: Check in, go through security, and board the G159 train.
23:18: Arrive back in Shanghai—tired but proud of your day trip!

Step 4: Key Tips for a Smooth Trip

Pack Light: Bring only a backpack with essentials: water (2 bottles—walking on the wall is thirsty work), sunscreen, a hat, comfortable shoes (no sandals!), and a jacket (the wall is windy, even in summer).
Skip the Crowds: If you choose Mutianyu, go to the eastern section—it’s quieter than the western part. For Badaling, arrive by 14:00 to avoid the worst midday crowds.
Buy Tickets in Advance: Purchase Great Wall tickets online via the official “Badaling Great Wall” or “Mutianyu Great Wall” websites to skip long lines at the gate.
Time Management: Set phone reminders for train departures and bus schedules—missing a train will ruin your day. Use Google Maps or Baidu Maps to track subway/bus times.

Is It Worth the Hype?

Absolutely. A day trip from Shanghai to the Great Wall is intense, but it’s a once-in-a-lifetime chance to stand on one of the world’s greatest wonders—all in a single day. With fast trains and smart planning, you’ll turn a “crazy idea” into an unforgettable adventure. Just remember: the goal is to enjoy the wall, not rush through it—so slow down, take photos, and soak in the history beneath your feet.